Connecticut Law
Title 1 Provisions Of General Application


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Connecticut Laws | Title 1 Provisions Of General Application

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CHAPTER 1 CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES

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Sec. 1-1. Words and phrases. Construction of statutes.

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Sec. 1-1a. Terms relating to security in personal property.

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Sec. 1-1b. Payment by bank treasurer's or cashier's check in lieu of certified check.

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Sec. 1-1c. "Elector" defined. "Special election warned and held or called for that purpose", means "referendum", when.

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Sec. 1-1d. "Minor", "infant", "infancy", "age of majority", defined.

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Sec. 1-1e. Savings clause.

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Sec. 1-1f. "Blind", "physically disabled", defined.

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Sec. 1-1g. "Mental retardation", defined.

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Sec. 1-1h. Identity cards.

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Sec. 1-1i. Use of fees collected from issuance of identity cards.

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Sec. 1-1j. Methods of payment for licenses, fees, costs or fines.

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Sec. 1-1k. "Victim of crime", "crime victim", defined.

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Sec. 1-1l. Holocaust victims' settlement payments excluded from income for purposes of needs-based programs.

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Sec. 1-1m. Applicability of marriage terms.

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Sec. 1-2. Legal notices.

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Sec. 1-2a. Construction of term "postmark".

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Sec. 1-2b. Construction of term "certified mail, return receipt requested".

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Secs. 1-2c to 1-2y.

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Sec. 1-2z. Plain meaning rule.

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Sec. 1-3. Validity of separate provisions of acts.

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Sec. 1-3a. License or permit fee due on Saturday, Sunday or holiday.

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Sec. 1-3b. Enforcement of subpoena powers.

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CHAPTER 2 LEGAL HOLIDAYS AND STANDARD OF TIME

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Sec. 1-4. Days designated as legal holidays.

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Sec. 1-5. Independence Day celebration.

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Sec. 1-6. Standard of time.

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CHAPTER 3* PUBLIC RECORDS: GENERAL PROVISIONS

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Sec. 1-7. Recording or copying by photographic, micrographic, electronic imaging or other process.

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Sec. 1-8. "Recorded" defined.

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Sec. 1-9. Alkaline paper for permanent records.

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Sec. 1-9a. Alkaline paper for executive branch photocopies.

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Sec. 1-9b. Applicability of alkaline paper requirements.

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Sec. 1-10. Standard ink for public records.

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Sec. 1-11. Loose-leaf binders for public records.

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Sec. 1-12. Typewriting and printing. Legal force.

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Sec. 1-13. Making of reproductions.

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Sec. 1-14. "Certified copy" defined. Evidence.

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Sec. 1-15.

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Sec. 1-16. Reproductions.

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Sec. 1-17. Reproductions to serve purposes of originals.

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Sec. 1-17a. Photographs and computerized images of individuals. State agencies prohibited from disclosing without express consent of individuals. Exceptions.

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Sec. 1-18. Disposition of original documents.

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Sec. 1-18a.

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Secs. 1-19 and 1-19a.

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Sec. 1-19b.

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Sec. 1-19c.

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Sec. 1-20. Refusal of access. Appeal.

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Secs. 1-20a to 1-20c.

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Sec. 1-20d. Alteration of records of law enforcement agencies prior to disclosure.

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Sec. 1-20e.

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Sec. 1-20f.

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Secs. 1-21 and 1-21a.

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Sec. 1-21b.

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Secs. 1-21c to 1-21h.

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Sec. 1-21i.

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Sec. 1-21j.

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Secs. 1-21k and 1-21l.

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CHAPTER 4* OATHS

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Sec. 1-22. Ceremony.

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Sec. 1-23. When affirmation may be used.

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Sec. 1-24. Who may administer oaths.

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Sec. 1-24a. Affiant may swear truth of document or other writing before proper officer, when.

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Sec. 1-25. Forms of oaths.

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CHAPTER 5 BONDS

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Sec. 1-26. Construction of bond requirement.

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Sec. 1-27. Joint control of money and assets by principal and surety.

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CHAPTER 6* UNIFORM ACKNOWLEDGMENT ACT

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Sec. 1-28. Permissible forms of acknowledgment.

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Sec. 1-29. Acknowledgments within state.

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Sec. 1-30. Acknowledgments in other states, territories or possessions.

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Sec. 1-31. Acknowledgments without United States.

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Sec. 1-31a. Acknowledgments by attorney outside state.

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Sec. 1-32. Identification of person making acknowledgment.

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Sec. 1-33. Married women.

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Sec. 1-34. Certificate of officer.

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Sec. 1-35. Identification of acknowledging officer.

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Sec. 1-36. Authentication.

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Sec. 1-37. Acknowledgment in compliance with law of other jurisdiction.

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Sec. 1-38. Acknowledgment of person in armed forces.

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Sec. 1-39. Prior acknowledgments unaffected.

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Sec. 1-40. Interpretation of chapter.

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Sec. 1-41. Short title: Uniform Acknowledgment Act.

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CHAPTER 7* STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY

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Sec. 1-42. Short title: Connecticut Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney Act.

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Sec. 1-43. Form.

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Sec. 1-44. Real estate transactions.

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Sec. 1-45. Chattel and goods transactions.

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Sec. 1-46. Bond, share and commodity transactions.

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Sec. 1-47. Banking transactions.

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Sec. 1-48. Business operating transactions.

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Sec. 1-49. Insurance transactions.

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Sec. 1-50. Estate transactions.

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Sec. 1-51. Claims and litigation.

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Sec. 1-52. Personal relationships.

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Sec. 1-53. Benefits from military service.

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Sec. 1-54. Records, reports and statements.

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Sec. 1-54a. Health care decisions.

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Sec. 1-55. General authority of agent.

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Sec. 1-56. Additional provisions authorized in form.

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CHAPTER 7a DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY BANK ACCOUNTS

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Sec. 1-56a. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-56b. Form. Authority. Liability of financial institution.

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Secs. 1-56c to 1-56g.

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CHAPTER 7b SPRINGING POWER OF ATTORNEY

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Sec. 1-56h. Springing power of attorney. Effective upon written affidavit re occurrence of specified contingency.

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Sec. 1-56i. Form of written affidavit re occurrence of specified contingency.

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Sec. 1-56j. Power of attorney to cease if conservator of estate is appointed.

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Sec. 1-56k. Probate court to resolve disputes re provisions concerning springing power of attorney.

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Secs. 1-56l to 1-56q.

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CHAPTER 7c DESIGNATION OF PERSON FOR DECISION-MAKING AND CERTAIN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

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Sec. 1-56r. Designation of person for decision-making and certain rights and obligations.

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CHAPTER 8 UNIFORM RECOGNITION OF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACT

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Sec. 1-57. Definitions. Authorized officers.

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Sec. 1-58. Proof of authority to perform notarial act.

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Sec. 1-59. Certification by person taking acknowledgment.

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Sec. 1-60. Form of certificate.

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Sec. 1-61. "Acknowledged before me" defined.

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Sec. 1-62. Statutory short forms of acknowledgment.

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Sec. 1-63. Prior acts unaffected. Method additional.

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Sec. 1-64. Uniform interpretation.

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Sec. 1-65. Short title: Uniform Recognition of Acknowledgments Act.

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Secs. 1-65a to 1-65z.

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CHAPTER 8b UNIFORM UNSWORN FOREIGN DECLARATIONS ACT

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Sec. 1-65aa. Short title: Uniform Unsworn Foreign Declarations Act.

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Sec. 1-65bb. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-65cc. Applicability.

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Sec. 1-65dd. Effect of unsworn declaration.

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Sec. 1-65ee. Required medium for unsworn declaration.

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Sec. 1-65ff. Form of unsworn declaration.

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Sec. 1-65gg. Uniformity of application and construction.

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Sec. 1-65hh. Relation of act to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

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CHAPTER 9 CODE OF ETHICS

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Sec. 1-66.

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Sec. 1-67. General Assembly member not to act on legislation in which he has interest.

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Sec. 1-68.

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Secs. 1-69 to 1-78. Joint legislative ethics committee.

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CHAPTER 10* CODES OF ETHICS

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PART I* CODE OF ETHICS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS

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Sec. 1-79a. Calculation of dollar limit on gifts.

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Sec. 1-80. Office of State Ethics. Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board. Members; appointment; qualifications; vacancies; compensation; restrictions. Hearings.

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Sec. 1-80a. Statements filed with commission. Restrictions on use.

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Sec. 1-80b. State Ethics Commission member serving as Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board member. Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board member appointment by Governor.

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Sec. 1-80c. Appointment of interim executive director.

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Sec. 1-80d. Transfer of State Ethics Commission staff.

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Sec. 1-80e. Designation of judge trial referees.

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Sec. 1-81. Duties of the board, Office of State Ethics. Employment of executive director, general counsel, ethics enforcement officer. Legal and enforcement divisions of the Office of State Ethics. Regulations. State personnel training in ethics.

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Sec. 1-81a. Recommended appropriations. Allotments.

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Sec. 1-81b. Summary of ethics laws re bidders, proposers and state contractors.

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Sec. 1-81c. Mandatory ethics training for public officials. Frequency. Exception.

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Sec. 1-82. Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Attorneys' fees. Damages for complaints without foundation.

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Sec. 1-82a. Confidentiality of complaints, evaluations of possible violations and investigations. Publication of findings.

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Sec. 1-82b. Continuation of certain probable cause hearings.

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Sec. 1-83. Statements of financial interests. Filing requirements. Ethics statements.

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Sec. 1-84. (Formerly Sec. 1-66). Prohibited activities.

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Sec. 1-84a. Disclosure or use of confidential information by former official or employee.

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Sec. 1-84b. Certain activities restricted after leaving public office or employment.

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Sec. 1-84c. Donation of goods or services to state or quasi-public agencies.

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Sec. 1-84d. Foundations or alumni associations established for the benefit of a constituent unit of public higher education or vocational-technical school.

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Sec. 1-85. (Formerly Sec. 1-68). Interest in conflict with discharge of duties.

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Sec. 1-86. Procedure when discharge of duty affects official's or state employee's financial interests. Lobbyists prohibited from accepting employment with General Assembly and General Assembly members forbidden to be lobbyists.

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Secs. 1-86a to 1-86c.

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Sec. 1-86d. Legal defense fund established by or for a public official or state employee. Reports. Contributions.

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Sec. 1-86e. Consultants and independent contractors. Prohibited activities.

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Sec. 1-87. Aggrieved persons. Appeals.

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Sec. 1-88. Authority of board after finding violation.

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Sec. 1-89. Violations; penalties. Disciplinary powers of the legislature, agencies and commissions. Civil action for damages.

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Sec. 1-89a. Conferences on ethical issues.

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Sec. 1-90. Commission to review oath of office for members of General Assembly.

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Sec. 1-90a. Exemption re student state employee of a public institution of higher education. Policies and procedures re standards of student conduct.

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PART II CODE OF ETHICS FOR LOBBYISTS

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Sec. 1-91. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-92. Duties of board and Office of State Ethics. Regulations. Advisory opinions.

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Sec. 1-93. Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Damages for complaints without foundation.

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Sec. 1-93a. Confidentiality of complaints, evaluations of possible violations and investigations. Publication of findings.

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Sec. 1-94. Lobbyist registration with the Office of State Ethics.

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Sec. 1-95. Registration procedure. Fees.

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Sec. 1-96. Financial reports of registrants. Requirements.

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Sec. 1-96a. Maintenance of substantiating documents. Random audits of registrants.

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Sec. 1-96b. Filing of registrants' financial reports in electronic form.

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Sec. 1-96c. Public access to computerized data from financial reports.

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Sec. 1-96d. Statement whether expenditures for legislative reception are reportable.

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Sec. 1-96e. Statements of necessary expenses paid or reimbursed by registrants.

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Sec. 1-97. Restrictions on activities of registrants. Contingent fees.

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Sec. 1-98. Appeal from board decision.

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Sec. 1-99. Authority of board after finding violation.

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Sec. 1-100. Violations; penalties.

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Sec. 1-100a.

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Sec. 1-100b. Suspension or revocation of communicator lobbyist's registration. Finding by Office of State Ethics.

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Sec. 1-101. Lobbyists to wear badges. Regulations.

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Sec. 1-101a. Prohibition re employment as lobbyist by public official or state employee convicted of a crime related to state or quasi-public agency office.

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Secs. 1-101b to 1-101z.

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PART III LOBBYING: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

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Sec. 1-101aa. Provider participation in informal committees, task forces and work groups of certain state agencies not deemed to be lobbying.

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Sec. 1-101bb. Quasi-public agencies and state agencies prohibited from retaining lobbyists.

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Secs. 1-101cc to 1-101ll.

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PART IV* ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

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Sec. 1-101nn. Solicitation of information not available to other bidders from public official or state employee by contract bidder or contractor. Charging agency for work not performed. Information concerning donation of goods and services to state or quasi-public agencies. Prohibition re consultant to agency serving as consultant to bidder. Nonresponsible bidder.

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Sec. 1-101oo. Jurisdiction over nonresidents. Secretary of the State as process agent. Service of process.

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Sec. 1-101pp. Reporting of ethics violations by agency commissioners and persons in charge of state agency procurement and contracting.

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Sec. 1-101qq. State ethics laws summary provided to bidders by state agencies. Affirmation of receipt. Summary to subcontractors by large state contractors. Affirmation of receipt. Failure to obtain affirmation. Incorporation of summary in contract terms.

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Sec. 1-101rr. State agency ethics compliance officers. Duties. Liaisons.

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CHAPTER 11 UNLAWFUL CONDUCT WITH RESPECT TO LEGISLATIVE ACTION

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Sec. 1-102. (Formerly Sec. 53-151). Unlawful employment of state officers or persons paid by the state to influence legislative action.

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Sec. 1-103. (Formerly Sec. 53-152). Threats to hinder legislation.

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Secs. 1-104 to 1-109.

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CHAPTER 11a PENSION REVOCATION OR REDUCTION FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND STATE OR MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES

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Sec. 1-110. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-110a. Pension revocation or reduction for public officials and state or municipal employees convicted of crimes related to state or municipal office. Factors. Voluntary provision of information. Innocent spouse, dependents and beneficiaries. Notification to prosecutor. Severability of provisions.

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Sec. 1-110b. Return of contributions. Exceptions. Qualified domestic relations orders. Effect on state or municipal government retirement plans.

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Sec. 1-110c. Determination re effect on collective bargaining agreement.

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Sec. 1-110d. Collective bargaining agreements and provisions re pension revocation or reduction.

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Secs. 1-110e to 1-119.

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CHAPTER 12 QUASI-PUBLIC AGENCIES

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Sec. 1-120. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-121. Notice prior to action on procedures. Adoption procedure. Emergency procedures.

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Sec. 1-122. Compliance audit.

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Sec. 1-123. Reports.

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Sec. 1-124. Treasurer's approval required for state contribution to or guarantee of bonds, notes, borrowed money.

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Sec. 1-125. Directors, officers and employees not personally liable. Indemnification.

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Sec. 1-126. Penalty for false statements.

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Sec. 1-127. Restriction on entities conducting financial audits.

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Secs. 1-128 to 1-134.

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CHAPTER 13 CONNECTICUT INSTITUTE FOR MUNICIPAL STUDIES

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Secs. 1-135 to 1-139. Connecticut Institute for Municipal Studies; established. Board of directors. Meetings; agenda; staff. Consortium of public and private institutions of higher education. Pilot demonstration projects; funding.

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Sec. 1-139a. Connecticut Institute for Municipal Studies: Transfer of assets and records.

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Sec. 1-140.

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CHAPTER 13a TREATMENT OF FEDERAL PAYMENTS UNDER STATE OR LOCAL PROGRAMS

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Sec. 1-141. Treatment of payments made under Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 to applicants for or recipients of state or local benefits, services or tax relief.

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Sec. 1-141a. Treatment of payments made under American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to applicants for or recipients of state or local benefits, services or tax relief.

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Sec. 1-141b. Treatment of payments made under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to applicants for or recipients of state or local benefits, services or tax relief.

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Secs. 1-142 to 1-199.

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CHAPTER 14* FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT

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Sec. 1-200. (Formerly Sec. 1-18a). Definitions.

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Sec. 1-201. (Formerly Sec. 1-19c). Division of Criminal Justice deemed not to be public agency, when.

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Sec. 1-202. (Formerly Sec. 1-20e). Application of freedom of information provisions to agency committee composed entirely of individuals who are not members of the agency.

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Secs. 1-203 and 1-204.

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Sec. 1-205. (Formerly Sec. 1-21j). Freedom of Information Commission.

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Sec. 1-205a. Recommended appropriations. Allotments.

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Sec. 1-206. (Formerly Sec. 1-21i). Denial of access to public records or meetings. Appeals. Notice. Orders. Civil penalty. Service of process upon commission. Frivolous appeals.

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Secs. 1-207 to 1-209.

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Sec. 1-210. (Formerly Sec. 1-19). Access to public records. Exempt records.

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Sec. 1-211. (Formerly Sec. 1-19a). Disclosure of computer-stored public records. Contracts. Acquisition of system, equipment, software to store or retrieve nonexempt public records.

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Sec. 1-212. (Formerly Sec. 1-15). Copies and scanning of public records. Fees.

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Sec. 1-213. (Formerly Sec. 1-19b). Agency administration. Disclosure of personnel, birth and tax records. Disclosure of voice mails by public agencies. Judicial records and proceedings.

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Sec. 1-214. (Formerly Sec. 1-20a). Public employment contracts as public record. Objection to disclosure of personnel or medical files.

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Sec. 1-214a. Disclosure of public agency termination, suspension or separation agreement containing confidentiality provision.

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Sec. 1-215. (Formerly Sec. 1-20b). Record of an arrest as public record. Exception.

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Sec. 1-216. (Formerly Sec. 1-20c). Review and destruction of records consisting of uncorroborated allegations of criminal activity.

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Sec. 1-217. (Formerly Sec. 1-20f). Nondisclosure of residential addresses of certain individuals.

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Sec. 1-218. Certain contracts for performance of governmental functions. Records and files subject to Freedom of Information Act.

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Sec. 1-219. Veterans' military records.

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Secs. 1-220 to 1-224.

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Sec. 1-225. (Formerly Sec. 1-21). Meetings of government agencies to be public. Recording of votes. Schedule and agenda of certain meetings to be filed and posted on web sites. Notice of special meetings. Executive sessions.

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Sec. 1-226. (Formerly Sec. 1-21a). Recording, broadcasting or photographing meetings.

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Sec. 1-227. (Formerly Sec. 1-21c). Mailing of notice of meetings to persons filing written request. Fees.

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Sec. 1-228. (Formerly Sec. 1-21d). Adjournment of meetings. Notice.

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Sec. 1-229. (Formerly Sec. 1-21e). Continued hearings. Notice.

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Sec. 1-230. (Formerly Sec. 1-21f). Regular meetings to be held pursuant to regulation, ordinance or resolution.

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Sec. 1-231. (Formerly Sec. 1-21g). Executive sessions.

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Sec. 1-232. (Formerly Sec. 1-21h). Conduct of meetings.

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Secs. 1-233 to 1-239.

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Sec. 1-240. (Formerly Sec. 1-21k). Penalties.

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Sec. 1-241. (Formerly Sec. 1-21l). Injunctive relief from frivolous, unreasonable or harassing freedom of information appeals.

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Sec. 1-242. Actions involving provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Notice of litigation to the Freedom of Information Commission. Intervention by commission.

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Secs. 1-243 to 1-259.

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CHAPTER 15 CONNECTICUT UNIFORM ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ACT

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Secs. 1-260 to 1-265. Definitions. Exemptions. Electronic records. Electronic signatures. Regulations. Reports.

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Sec. 1-266. Short title: Connecticut Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.

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Sec. 1-267. Definitions.

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Sec. 1-268. Scope.

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Sec. 1-269. Prospective application.

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Sec. 1-270. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures. Variation by agreement.

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Sec. 1-271. Construction and application.

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Sec. 1-272. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures and electronic contracts.

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Sec. 1-273. Provision of information in writing. Presentation of records.

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Sec. 1-274. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature.

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Sec. 1-275. Effect of change or error.

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Sec. 1-276. Notorization and acknowledgment.

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Sec. 1-277. Retention of electronic records; originals.

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Sec. 1-278. Admissibility in evidence.

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Sec. 1-279. Automated transaction.

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Sec. 1-280. Time and place of sending and receipt.

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Sec. 1-281. Transferable records.

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Sec. 1-282. Creation and retention of electronic records and conversion of written records by governmental agencies.

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Sec. 1-283. Acceptance and distribution of electronic records by governmental agencies. Interoperability. Regulations.

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Sec. 1-284. Electronic record presumed not sent to or received by a consumer.

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Sec. 1-285. Severability clause.

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Sec. 1-286. Operation of Connecticut Uniform Electronic Transactions Act with respect to federal act.

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